1.  Filtering:

Individuals' thought processing mechanism at times uses negative details and magnifies them, and simultaneously filtering out all the positive parts of information. This process is also called "Mental Filtration". Example - Individual may choose a single unpleasant detail and overthink over it, so much that their vision gets distorted or blackened.

2. Black & White Thinking:

Also called as "Polarized Thinking", where the person either thinks black or white,  or nothing at all. There is no middle ground and follows no shades. Usually, looks at only extreme scearios of a given situation or circumstance.

3.    Overgeneralization:

Individual comes to a general conclusion based on one incident or one piece of evidence. If something has happened, it tends to occur constantly. An individual may consider a single unpleasant event as a never-ending pattern of defeat, and begins to analyse situations from the negative angle.

4. Jumping to Conclusion:

Without somebody saying something, an individual may jump to a conclusion that other person is feeling or thinking like this and why they are behaving like this. This cognitive distortion also manifests as ‘ Fortune Telling’. 

5.  Catatrophizing:

Person uses it when they expect disaster or pandemic to strike no matter what. It is also termed as 'Magnifying Behaviour', opposite to 'Minimizing Behaviour'. In this distortion, a person uses - "what-if" statements.

6.  Personalization:

Under this type of distortion, a person feels whatever other people say or do is in direct personal reaction to them. They take everything personally, even if things are not meant that way.

7.  Control Fallacies:

This distortion, uses two different yet related beliefs- about being in complete control of every situation of a person’s life. There are two types of control- external and internal. External - gives attributions for failures / successes (pain / gain) to external sources and Internal - gives attributions for failures / successes (pain / gain) to Internal sources.

8.  Fallacy of Fairness:

The individual feels resentful because he thinks he knows, what is fair but other people don’t agree with him Life is not always fair to us. Applying scale against every situation with a judgement of fairness, often makes individual resentful, angry and often hopeless. As life is not fair, things will not work out in my favor even though it should be.