Cross-dressing, the practice of wearing clothing typically associated with the opposite gender, is a multifaceted phenomenon encompassing a range of motivations and experiences. It can be driven by various factors including personal comfort, identity expression, and even psychological and emotional needs. While cross-dressing itself is not inherently problematic or indicative of a psychological disorder, it can become a focal point of concern for individuals who struggle with societal acceptance, personal conflicts, or psychological distress related to their cross-dressing behaviours. Counselling plays a critical role in helping individuals manage and understand their cross-dressing behaviours, particularly when these behaviours are accompanied by distress or interfere with their daily functioning. This article explores the role of counselling in managing cross-dressing behaviour, examining the therapeutic approaches, goals, and outcomes associated with this type of counselling.

Understanding Cross-Dressing

Cross-dressing can be understood through various lenses, including cultural, psychological, and social perspectives. From a cultural standpoint, cross-dressing has been present in numerous societies throughout history, often with different meanings and connotations. In some cultures, it has been accepted and integrated into social norms, while in others, it remains a subject of stigma and discrimination.

Psychologically, cross-dressing can be linked to various aspects of identity and self-expression. For some individuals, cross-dressing is an integral part of their gender identity, while for others, it is a form of personal expression or a way to explore different aspects of themselves. It is important to distinguish between cross-dressing as a personal preference and cross-dressing that may be associated with gender dysphoria or other psychological issues.

The Role of Counseling in Managing Cross-Dressing Behavior

Exploration and Understanding

Counselling provides a safe and non-judgmental space for individuals to explore and understand their cross-dressing behaviours. This exploration often involves discussing the origins of these behaviours, their impact on the individual’s life, and their significance. By engaging in this process, individuals can gain insight into their motivations and how cross-dressing fits into their overall identity and life experiences.

Counsellors use various therapeutic techniques to facilitate this exploration. For example, narrative therapy allows individuals to recount their experiences and reframe their understanding of their cross-dressing behaviour. This can help individuals see their behaviour as a valid form of self-expression rather than something to be ashamed of (White & Epston, 1990).

Addressing Associated Psychological Issues

Cross-dressing may be associated with various psychological issues, including anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem, especially in the context of societal stigma or personal conflict. Counselling aims to address these associated issues by providing support and strategies for managing emotional distress.

Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is one effective approach for addressing anxiety and depression related to cross-dressing. CBT helps individuals identify and challenge negative thought patterns and develop healthier coping mechanisms (Beck, 2011). For example, a counsellor might work with an individual to address fears of social rejection or internalized shame related to their cross-dressing.

Enhancing Self-Acceptance and Confidence

A significant aspect of counselling for cross-dressing behaviour is helping individuals develop self-acceptance and confidence. Many individuals who cross-dress struggle with feelings of shame or guilt, particularly if their behaviour conflicts with societal expectations or personal values.

Counsellors can assist individuals in building self-esteem and self-acceptance through various therapeutic techniques. Person-centred therapy, for instance, emphasizes unconditional positive regard and empathy, helping individuals feel valued and accepted for who they are (Rogers, 1961). This supportive environment can empower individuals to embrace their cross-dressing behaviour as a valid and meaningful aspect of their identity.

Navigating Social and Relationship Challenges

Cross-dressing can also present challenges in social and interpersonal relationships. Individuals may face difficulties with family, friends, or romantic partners who do not understand or accept their cross-dressing behaviour. Counselling can provide support in navigating these social challenges by improving communication skills and addressing relationship dynamics.

Family Problem and couples counselling are useful approaches for addressing relational issues related to cross-dressing. These therapeutic settings allow individuals and their loved ones to express their feelings, discuss concerns, and work towards mutual understanding and acceptance (Snyder, 2011). Counsellors can help facilitate these conversations and provide guidance on managing conflicts and building supportive relationships.

Developing Coping Strategies and Resilience

Counselling also focuses on helping individuals develop coping strategies and resilience in the face of challenges related to cross-dressing. This includes managing stress, dealing with societal discrimination, and maintaining emotional well-being.

Strategies such as mindfulness and stress management techniques can be beneficial for individuals dealing with the pressures of societal stigma or personal stress related to their cross-dressing behaviour (Kabat-Zinn, 1990). By developing these skills, individuals can better navigate challenges and maintain a positive outlook.

Conclusion

Counselling plays a crucial role in managing cross-dressing behaviour, particularly when this behaviour is accompanied by psychological distress or social challenges. Through exploration and understanding, addressing associated psychological issues, enhancing self-acceptance, navigating social and relationship challenges, and developing coping strategies, online counselling provides valuable support for individuals grappling with cross-dressing. By offering a supportive and non-judgmental environment, counsellors can help individuals embrace their cross-dressing behaviour as a meaningful aspect of their identity and improve their overall well-being.

Contribution: Dr (Prof) R K Suri, Clinical Psychologist, life coach & mentor TalktoAngel & Ms Nicole Fernandes, Counselling Psychologist.

References

• Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive behaviour therapy: Basics and beyond (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
• Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. Dell Publishing.
• Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapist's view of psychotherapy. Houghton Mifflin.
• Snyder, D. K. (2011). Family therapy for couples with gender dysphoria. Journal of Family Therapy, 33(2), 121-133.
• White, M., & Epston, D. (1990). Narrative therapy: Mapping the influence of the problem and the person. Norton & Company.