Critical incidents in college campuses have become increasingly common due to the rise in risk-taking behavior among young people. These incidents pose a threat to the well-being of individuals, disrupt the reputation of the institution, and can bring daily operations to a halt. The aftermath of these events can be overwhelming for those affected and may result in long-lasting psychological distress.

Some of the most common critical incidents that take place on college campuses include:

• Death of a student or professor: The loss of a fellow student or professor can greatly impact the students and faculty, causing significant distress and grief.

• Accidents: Young people are more prone to accidents, which can result in severe physical and psychological harm.

• Hate campaigns: Youth may engage in protests, including hate campaigns and violent demonstrations, causing psychological distress.

• Violent acts: Outbursts of anger can lead to physical fights, causing harm to both parties.

• Bullying: Physical, verbal, and emotional harassment, including the spread of rumors and gossip, can result in a severe decline in self-esteem and a desire to drop out of college.

• Suicides: College students may experience suicidal ideations due to increased pressure or an unfavorable environment.

• Substance abuse: The consumption of alcohol and drugs among young people can have a long-lasting impact on their physical, mental, and emotional health and it can also lead to addiction.

• Sexual abuse: Sexual abuse can cause significant distress and have a lasting impact on the mental health of the victim.

These events can have a profound impact on the psychological well-being of those who are directly or indirectly involved. This article aims to explore the psychological impact of critical incidents on college students and staff and the potential long-term effects that may occur as a result.

Short-term Psychological Effects

The immediate aftermath of a critical incident can be a time of intense stress and fear. Individuals may experience a range of symptoms including anxiety, panic, disbelief, shock, anger, and depression. In the immediate aftermath of a critical incident, students and staff may feel a sense of confusion and disorientation, leading to a lack of concentration, difficulty sleeping, and a feeling of general disconnection from their surroundings. Additionally, individuals may experience physical symptoms such as headaches, stomach aches, and increased heart rate.

Long-term Psychological Effects

The long-term psychological impact of critical incidents can be significant and can last for years, even after the immediate aftermath has subsided. For some individuals, a critical incident can lead to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a condition that is characterized by symptoms such as intrusive thoughts and memories, avoidance behaviors, and emotional numbing.

In the aftermath of a critical incident, it is not uncommon for students and staff to experience a range of emotional and psychological symptoms, such as anger, guilt, and shame. Some individuals may struggle with feelings of survivor guilt, feeling that they should have done something differently or that they are responsible for what happened. Others may experience feelings of shame, feeling that they have failed to protect themselves or others.

For some individuals, the psychological impact of a critical incident can be especially severe and long-lasting if they have a close relationship with someone who was directly impacted by the event. This can lead to a range of complicated grief reactions, such as feelings of intense sadness, anger, and guilt.

In the aftermath of a critical incident, the college needs to have a response plan in place to provide immediate support to those affected. Some common reactions among students include anxiety, difficulty in relaxing, and feelings of guilt and helplessness. It is also crucial to address the impact on bystanders, who may also experience trauma from the event. Individuals must have access to Online counselling services that are specifically designed to address the unique needs of those who have been affected by the event. This may involve individual counseling, group therapy, or trauma-focused therapy. Additionally, some individuals may benefit from medication-assisted treatment, such as the use of anti-anxiety medications or antidepressants.

Strategies for responding to critical incidents on college campuses include:

• Mental health awareness: Students should be made aware of the importance of their mental health and provided with confidential counseling services.

• Notifying families: In the event of a death or accident, the family of the affected should be informed and asked to report to the campus.

• Medical intervention: The affected should be rushed to the nearest hospital for immediate medical treatment, accompanied by a faculty member.

• Regular mental health assessments: Mental health assessments should be conducted regularly to identify the services required.

• Legal action: It is essential to file a legal report of the incident and inform the affected of the legal enforcement.

• Trauma support: Peers, friends, and faculty should offer support and engage the affected in activities they previously enjoyed. In severe cases, a referral to a mental health professional like an Online Counsellor or Therapist may be necessary.

In addition to these strategies, a team of trained individuals should be available on campus to provide trauma support to students. Online therapy and counseling services may also play an important role in providing support in the aftermath of a critical incident.

In conclusion, effective intervention and support in the aftermath of a critical incident is crucial in reducing the long-term psychological distress of students. A comprehensive and well-planned response plan, along with the guidance of the Best Psychologist in India and online therapy services, can help instill confidence in the institution and support young minds in the recovery process.

Contributed by: Dr (Prof) R K Suri, Clinical Psychologist, Counsellor, & Life Coach & Ms. Varshini Nayyar, Psychologist