In our digitally connected world, the rise of cyberbullying has become a significant concern, particularly for young people who are more active online. Unlike traditional bullying, which occurs face-to-face, cyberbullying takes place through electronic means, and its reach and impact can be profoundly damaging. This blog explores the various forms of cyberbullying, its effects on mental health, and ways to address and mitigate this pervasive issue.

Cyberbullying can manifest in several ways, each with its unique impact on the victim:

• Harassment: Consistently sending unpleasant, impolite, and derogatory communications is considered harassment. 
• Impersonation: In this form, the bully pretends to be someone else online to spread false information, damage reputations, or deceive others. This can lead to significant emotional distress and confusion for the victim.
• Exclusion: Deliberately excluding someone from online groups, social networks, or activities can make them feel isolated and unwanted. 
• Outing: Revealing private or sensitive information about someone without their consent is known as an outing. This could include sharing personal photos or secrets, leading to embarrassment and a breach of trust.
• Doxing: This involves publishing private or personal information, such as addresses or phone numbers, online with the intent to harass or harm. The threat of physical danger or invasion of privacy often accompanies doxing.
• Trolling: Trolling involves posting inflammatory, irrelevant, or offensive comments online to provoke and upset others. While it may seem less severe than other forms, the intent to create distress can be very harmful.
• Cyberstalking: Persistent and targeted online harassment, including threats, intimidation, and monitoring, falls under cyberstalking. It creates an environment of fear and can severely impact the victim's mental well-being.

Effects of Cyberbullying on Mental Health

The consequences of cyberbullying can be severe and long-lasting, affecting various aspects of a victim’s mental health:

• Anxiety and Depression: Victims frequently suffer from elevated anxiety and sadness. The constant bombardment of negative messages and threats can lead to feelings of hopelessness and despair.
• Low Self-Esteem: Repeated online attacks can erode self-confidence and self-worth. Victims may start to view themselves negatively and question their values and abilities.
• Social Withdrawal: To avoid further harassment, victims might withdraw from online and offline social interactions. Feelings of depression and loneliness could increase as a result of this isolation.
• Sleep Disturbances: The stress and anxiety caused by cyberbullying can lead to sleep problems, including insomnia or nightmares. Poor sleep further affects overall mental health and daily functioning.
• Academic and Work Performance: Concentration issues and emotional distress can impact performance at school or work. Victims may struggle to focus on tasks or maintain productivity.
• Self-Harm and Suicidal Thoughts: In extreme cases, the emotional toll of cyberbullying can lead to self-harm or suicidal thoughts. The relentless nature of online abuse can make coping seem impossible for some individuals.
• Physical Symptoms: Physical symptoms of chronic stress brought on by cyberbullying might include nausea, vomiting, headaches, and various other illnesses associated with stress. The mind-body connection underscores the seriousness of the issue.

Ways to Deal with Cyberbullying

A multifaceted strategy encompassing people, their families, educational institutions, and technological platforms is needed to address cyberbullying. Here are practical steps to combat and manage cyberbullying:

• Report the Behavior: Most social media platforms and online services have reporting mechanisms for cyberbullying. Reporting the behaviour can lead to the removal of harmful content and account suspension of the bully.
• Block and Mute: Utilize features that allow you to block or mute the bully. This can prevent them from contacting you and seeing your online activity, helping to reduce exposure to harmful content.
• Document Everything: All incidences of cyberbullying should be documented, along with screenshots, texts, and timestamps. This documentation can be crucial if you need to report the behaviour to authorities or seek legal action.
• Seek Help: Speak with dependable family members, friends, or mental health specialists. Talking about your experience can provide emotional support and practical advice on how to cope.
• Educate Yourself: Understanding the nature of cyberbullying and the tools available to combat it can empower you. Learn about privacy settings, online safety practices, and how to handle online conflicts.
• Promote Digital Citizenship: Encourage positive online behavior and respect for others. Teaching and modeling good digital practices can help create a healthier online environment and reduce the occurrence of cyberbullying.
• Involve Authorities: If cyberbullying involves threats or criminal behaviour, contact law enforcement. They can offer direction and take the required steps to guarantee security.
• Advocate for Policies: Support and advocate for comprehensive anti-cyberbullying policies within schools and workplaces. Strong policies and enforcement can create a safer environment for everyone.

Cyberbullying is a serious issue with far-reaching effects on mental health. Its ability to manifest in various forms and the profound impact it can have underscores the importance of proactive measures to address and prevent it. By understanding the nature of cyberbullying, recognizing its effects, and employing effective strategies to combat it, we can work towards creating a safer and more supportive online environment. Together, we can reduce the prevalence of cyberbullying and support those who are affected by it, ensuring that the digital world remains a place where everyone can thrive. For those seeking help, online counselling through platforms like TalktoAngel provides access to the best psychologist in India, offering professional support to address the emotional toll caused by cyberbullying, addiction, and low motivation, and promoting mental well-being.

Contributed by: Dr (Prof) R K Suri, Clinical Psychologist & Life Coach &  Ms. Samta Pareek, Counselling Psychologist

References:

• Eisenberg, M. E., & Resnick, M. D. (2006). Suicide Attempts Among Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Youths: The Role of Discrimination and Stigma. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(4), 256-262.
• Wolak, J., Mitchell, K. J., & Finkelhor, D. (2007). Does Online Technology Increase the Risk of Victimization? Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(1), S1-S8.
• Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Richetin, J. (2014). Bullying in the Digital Age: A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Cyberbullying Research Among Youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073-1137.
• Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., & Fisher, S. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its Nature and Impact in Secondary School Pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 376-385.