Vicarious Trauma

Vicarious Trauma

May 03 2024 TalktoAngel 0 comments 518 Views

Vicarious trauma (VT), also known as secondary trauma, is a form of trauma that occurs when individuals are exposed to traumatic events or experiences indirectly, such as through the stories or experiences of others, rather than experiencing the trauma directly themselves. This phenomenon has been observed in a variety of professions, including but not limited to, therapists, emergency responders, journalists, and social workers.

Signs and Symptoms

Vicarious trauma can have similar symptoms to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), such as intrusive thoughts, avoidance behaviors, and changes in mood and behavior. Vicarious trauma is frequently accompanied by the following symptoms:

1. Emotional numbness or detachment

2. Intrusive thoughts or flashbacks

3. Anxiety or panic attacks

4. Difficulty concentrating or making decisions

5. Insomnia or nightmares

6. Hypervigilance or a heightened startle response

7. Loss of an interest in once-enjoyed activities

8. Depression or feelings of hopelessness

9. Irritability or anger

10. Avoidance of situations or people that may trigger memories of traumatic events.

Causes of Vicarious Trauma-

Vicarious trauma, also known as secondary trauma, is a phenomenon that affects individuals who are exposed to traumatic events indirectly, such as through the stories or experiences of others. The causes of vicarious trauma can be attributed to a variety of factors, and research has identified several key factors that increase the risk of developing vicarious trauma.

Empathy

Empathy is a key component of providing support to trauma survivors. However, this can also lead to a heightened emotional response in the support provider, which can contribute to vicarious trauma. A study conducted by Figley and Kleber (1995) found that empathy was a significant predictor of vicarious trauma among therapists who worked with trauma survivors.

Exposure to Trauma

Individuals who are repeatedly exposed to traumatic events are at an increased risk of developing vicarious trauma. This is particularly true for first responders, such as police officers, firefighters, and paramedics, as well as for mental health professionals who work with trauma survivors. A study conducted by Bride, Robinson, Yegidis, and Figley (2004) found that exposure to traumatic events was a significant predictor of vicarious trauma among mental health professionals.

Lack of Support

A lack of support from colleagues, supervisors, or mental health professionals can increase the risk of vicarious trauma. Research has shown that social support is a protective factor against the development of vicarious trauma. A study conducted by McCann and Pearlman (1990) found that social support was negatively correlated with vicarious trauma among therapists who worked with trauma survivors.

Personal Trauma History

Individuals who have a history of trauma themselves may be more susceptible to vicarious trauma. This is because exposure to trauma can trigger memories of past traumatic events and can lead to a heightened emotional response. A study conducted by Pearlman and Saakvitne (1995) found that personal trauma history was a significant predictor of vicarious trauma among therapists who worked with trauma survivors.

Online Counselling for Vicarious Trauma

Online counselling can be a valuable tool in addressing vicarious trauma, as it provides individuals with access to mental health professionals who can offer support and guidance. Online counselling offers several advantages over traditional forms of counselling, including increased accessibility, flexibility, and anonymity. In the case of vicarious trauma, online counselling can be particularly helpful as it allows individuals to seek support from the comfort of their own homes, and can be more practical for people with active schedules or restricted mobility.

Coping Strategies

Online counselling can provide individuals with coping strategies for managing the symptoms of vicarious trauma. Coping strategies may include mindfulness exercises, stress management techniques, and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Mindfulness exercises, such as deep breathing or meditation, can help individuals manage the physical symptoms of anxiety and stress. Stress management techniques, such as exercise or time management strategies, can help individuals manage the emotional and cognitive symptoms of vicarious trauma. CBT can help individuals identify and challenge negative thoughts and beliefs that contribute to vicarious trauma.

Safe and Supportive Environment

Online counselling can provide a safe and supportive environment for individuals to discuss their experiences and emotions related to vicarious trauma. This is particularly important for individuals who may be hesitant to seek support in person due to fear of stigma or lack of time. Online counselling provides a level of anonymity that can help individuals feel more comfortable discussing their experiences and emotions and can help to reduce feelings of shame or embarrassment.

Accessibility and Convenience

Online counselling is more accessible and convenient than traditional forms of counselling, particularly for individuals who may live in rural or remote areas where access to mental health services is limited. Online counselling can also be more practical for people with active schedules or restricted mobility, as it eliminates the need for travel time and can be scheduled around other commitments.

Conclusion

Vicarious trauma can have a significant impact on individuals who are exposed to traumatic events indirectly. The signs and symptoms of vicarious trauma can be similar to those of PTSD and can have a detrimental effect on an individual's mental health and well-being. Online counselling can be a valuable tool in addressing vicarious trauma, by providing individuals with coping strategies and a safe and supportive environment to discuss their experiences. Individuals and organizations need to prioritize self-care and seek support from mental health professionals or online counsellors when needed to address the issue of vicarious trauma.

Contributed by: Dr (Prof) R K Suri, Clinical Psychologist & Life Coach &  Mr. CH JosephCounselling Psychologist



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